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Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Dr. Kelvin Stevens. Ketamine was initially developed for use and human anesthesia in battlefield and trauma settings due to ability to induce a dissociative state while preserving respiratory and cardiovascular function.

By the 1960s, the US military adopted Ketamine for use in combat situations where it proved useful as a field anesthetic. The drug was approved by the FDA in 1970 for use in humans and became widely adopted in medical settings due to safety profile and rapid onset of action and quick recovery.  It is a powerful pain killer but unlike opioids does not depress respiration or reduce blood pressure.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s Ketamine became increasingly popular as an anesthetic particularly in pediatric surgery and veterinary medicine. Its ability to maintain heart rate and blood pressure while producing anesthesia made it a preferred choice in many settings including emergency medicine, trauma and the operating room.

During the same time  Ketamine gained popularity on the street due to its safety profile and recreational use developed. This is due to dissociative, hallucinogenic effects when taken in higher doses.  It should be noted that ketamine habits can develop but unlike opioids there are no physical symptoms of withdrawal driving continued use.

In the early 2000s researchers began investigating ketamine potential as a treatment for depression, particularly treatment resistant depression. Early studies demonstrated that ketamine could produce rapid antidepressant effects often within Hours in stark contrast to the longer time frames required to traditional antidepressants such as SSRI’s.

The exact mechanism by which Ketamine exerts Its antidepressant effects was not well understood initially, but it was thought to involve the NMDA receptor a type of glutamate receptor in the brain ketamine as an NMDA a receptor antagonist as well as having a clinical effect on other receptors leading to a complex change in transmitter activity and development of neuroplasticity (new connections between neurons).  This complex activity is still under study but it is clear that ketamine is a powerful fast acting antidepressant.

In the 2010s Ketamine’s use Psychiatry and pain management expanded with growing interest in efficacy for conditions, such as:

Treatment resistant depression(TRD):

Ketamine, often in the forms of intravenous IV infusions, became an off label treatment for patients with major depressive disorder who had not responded to traditional therapies. Its facts were often rapid, providing Significant relief within hours to days.

Post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD):

Research has shown promising results for ketamine and treating PTSD, particularly in terms of reducing intrusive memories and enhancing emotional processing.

Chronic pain management: ketamine was also explored as a treatment for chronic pain, particularly conditions like fibromyalgia, complex, regional pain syndrome, or CRPS, and neuropathic pain. In lower doses, it can reduce pain and increase pain tolerance, making it useful tool and pain management for patients. We have not responded to conventional treatments.

In 2019, the FDA approved a non racemic formulation of Ketamine as a nasal spray under the brand name Sprovato for treatment resistant depression.. This approval was a significant milestone and Ketamine acceptance as a legitimate treatment for depression. That said, recent studies continue to demonstrate that IV administration of a racemic mixture of ketamine is the most effective route to treat most mental health and other conditions.

Additionally ketamine – assisted psychotherapy has gained attention in clinical practice. Some practitioners have adopted a therapeutic approach where ketamine is used in conjunction with talk therapy, aiming to enhance the therapeutic process through it’s psychological effects.

As experience developed ketamine infusion therapy, in a supportive environment has proven efficacy in a wide variety of conditions beyond behavioral health including reduction in cravings, treatment of substance and alcohol use disorders, weight loss and help clients discover their true self – be more productive, inventive and achieve better success and experience more joy in their lives. This process does require support, coaching, real intention setting, proper environment for treatments and post treatment integration.

Ketamine is an entheogen – mind opening and spiritual or out of body experience. It helps clients find and eliminate shadows, recognize barriers that are holding them back and creating new pathways for a fulfilling life. When clients are properly prepared this effect is a significant component contributing to the efficacy of ketamine treatments.

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